html

Basic HTML Codes

GENERAL (all HTML documents should have these)

Document Type <HTML></HTML> (beginning and end of file)
Title <TITLE></TITLE> (must be in header)
Header <HEAD></HEAD> (descriptive info, such as title)
Body <BODY></BODY> (bulk of the page)

STRUCTURAL DEFINITION (appearance controlled by the browser's preferences)

Heading <H?></H?> (the spec. defines 6 levels)
Align Heading <H? ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></H?>
Division <DIV></DIV>
Align Division <DIV ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|JUSTIFY></DIV>
Block Quote <BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE> (usually indented)
Emphasis <EM></EM> (usually displayed as italic)
Strong Emphasis <STRONG></STRONG> (usually displayed as bold)
Citation <CITE></CITE> (usually italics)
Code <CODE></CODE> (for source code listings)
Sample Output <SAMP></SAMP>

Keyboard Input <KBD></KBD>
Variable <VAR></VAR>
Definition <DFN></DFN> (not widely implemented)
Author's Address <ADDRESS></ADDRESS>
Large Font Size <BIG></BIG>
Small Font Size <SMALL></SMALL>

PRESENTATION FORMATTING (author specifies text appearance)

Bold <B></B>
Italic <I></I>
N3.0b Underline <U></U> (not widely implemented yet)
Strikeout <STRIKE></STRIKE> (not widely implemented yet)
N3.0b Strikeout <S></S> (not widely implemented yet)
Subscript <SUB></SUB>
Superscript <SUP></SUP>
Typewriter <TT></TT> (displays in a monospaced font)
Preformatted <PRE></PRE> (display text spacing as-is)
Width <PRE WIDTH=?></PRE> (in characters)
Center <CENTER></CENTER> (for both text and images)
N1.0 Blinking <BLINK></BLINK>

Font Size <FONT SIZE=?></FONT> (ranges from 1-7)
Change Font Size <FONT SIZE="+|-?"></FONT>
N1.0 Base Font Size <BASEFONT SIZE=?> (from 1-7; default is 3)
Font Color <FONT COLOR="#$$$$$$"></FONT>
N3.0b Select Font <FONT FACE="***"></FONT>
N3.0b Multi-Column <MULTICOL COLS=?></MULTICOL>
N3.0b Column Gutter <MULTICOL GUTTER=?></MULTICOL>
N3.0b Column Width <MULTICOL WIDTH=?></MULTICOL>
N3.0b Spacer <SPACER>
N3.0b Spacer Type <SPACER TYPE=horizontal|vertical|block>

N3.0b Size <SPACER SIZE=?>
N3.0b Dimensions <SPACER WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?>
N3.0b Alignment <SPACER ALIGN=left|right|center>

LINKS AND GRAPHICS

Link Something <A HREF="URL"></A>
Link to Target <A HREF="URL#***"></A> (if in another document)
<A HREF="#***"></A> (if in current document)
N2.0 Target Window <A HREF="URL" TARGET="***"></A>
Define Target <A NAME="***"></A>
Display Image <IMG SRC="URL">
Alignment <IMG SRC="URL" ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM|MIDDLE|LEFT|RIGHT>
Alternate <IMG SRC="URL" ALT="***"> (if image not displayed)
Dimensions <IMG SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> (in pixels)
Border <IMG SRC="URL" BORDER=?> (in pixels)

Runaround Space <IMG SRC="URL" HSPACE=? VSPACE=?> (in pixels)
N1.0 Low-Res Proxy <IMG SRC="URL" LOWSRC="URL">
Imagemap <IMG SRC="URL" ISMAP> (requires a script)
Imagemap <IMG SRC="URL" USEMAP="URL">
Map <MAP NAME="***"></MAP> (describes the map)
Section <AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS=",,," HREF="URL"|NOHREF>
N1.1 Client Pull <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="?; URL=URL">
N2.0 Embed Object <EMBED SRC="URL"> (insert object into page)
N2.0 Object Size <EMBED SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?>

DIVIDERS

Paragraph <P></P> (closing tag often unnecessary)
Align Text <P ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></P>
Line Break <BR> (a single carriage return)
Clear Textwrap <BR CLEAR=LEFT|RIGHT|ALL>
Horizontal Rule <HR>
Alignment <HR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER>
Thickness <HR SIZE=?> (in pixels)
Width <HR WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
Width Percent <HR WIDTH="%"> (as a percentage of page width)
Solid Line <HR NOSHADE> (without the 3D cutout look)
N1.0 No Break <NOBR></NOBR> (prevents line breaks)

N1.0 Word Break <WBR> (where to break a line if needed)

LISTS (lists can be nested)

Unordered List <UL><LI></UL> (<LI> before each list item)
Compact <UL COMPACT></UL>
Bullet Type <UL TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> (for the whole list)
<LI TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> (this & subsequent)
Ordered List <OL><LI></OL> (<LI> before each list item)
Compact <OL COMPACT></OL>
Numbering Type <OL TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> (for the whole list)
<LI TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> (this & subsequent)
Starting Number <OL START=?> (for the whole list)
<LI VALUE=?> (this & subsequent)

Definition List <DL><DT><DD></DL> (<DT>=term, <DD>=definition)
Compact <DL COMPACT></DL>
Menu List <MENU><LI></MENU> (<LI> before each list item)
Compact <MENU COMPACT></MENU>
Directory List <DIR><LI></DIR> (<LI> before each list item)
Compact <DIR COMPACT></DIR>

BACKGROUNDS AND COLORS

Tiled Bkground <BODY BACKGROUND="URL">
Bkground Color <BODY BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$"> (order is red/green/blue)
Text Color <BODY TEXT="#$$$$$$">
Link Color <BODY LINK="#$$$$$$">
Visited Link <BODY VLINK="#$$$$$$">
Active Link <BODY ALINK="#$$$$$$">

SPECIAL CHARACTERS (these must all be in lower case)

Special Character &#?; (where ? is the ISO 8859-1 code)

<    <
>    >
&    &
"    "
Registered TM   ®
Registered TM   ®
Copyright   ©
Copyright   ©
Non-Breaking   Spc &nbsp
FORMS (generally require a script on your server)

Define Form <FORM ACTION="URL" METHOD=GET|POST></FORM>
N2.0 File Upload <FORM ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data></FORM>
Input Field <INPUT TYPE="TEXT|PASSWORD|CHECKBOX|RADIO|
IMAGE|HIDDEN|SUBMIT|RESET">
Field Name <INPUT NAME="***">
Field Value <INPUT VALUE="***">
Checked? <INPUT CHECKED> (checkboxes and radio boxes)
Field Size <INPUT SIZE=?> (in characters)
Max Length <INPUT MAXLENGTH=?> (in characters)
Selection List <SELECT></SELECT>
Name of List <SELECT NAME="***"></SELECT>

# of Options <SELECT SIZE=?></SELECT>
Multiple Choice <SELECT MULTIPLE> (can select more than one)
Option <OPTION> (items that can be selected)
Default Option <OPTION SELECTED>
Input Box Size <TEXTAREA ROWS=? COLS=?></TEXTAREA>
Name of Box <TEXTAREA NAME="***"></TEXTAREA>
N2.0 Wrap Text <TEXTAREA WRAP=OFF|VIRTUAL|PHYSICAL></TEXTAREA>

TABLES

Define Table <TABLE></TABLE>
Table Border <TABLE BORDER></TABLE> (either on or off)
Table Border <TABLE BORDER=?></TABLE> (you can set the value)
Cell Spacing <TABLE CELLSPACING=?>
Cell Padding <TABLE CELLPADDING=?>
Desired Width <TABLE WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
Width Percent <TABLE WIDTH=%> (percentage of page)
Table Row <TR></TR>
Alignment <TR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER
VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM>
Table Cell <TD></TD> (must appear within table rows)

Alignment <TD ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER
VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM>
No linebreaks <TD NOWRAP>
Columns to Span <TD COLSPAN=?>
Rows to Span <TD ROWSPAN=?>
N1.1 Desired Width <TD WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
N1.1 Width Percent <TD WIDTH="%"> (percentage of table)
N3.0b Cell Color <TD BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$">
Table Header <TH></TH> (same as data, except bold centered)
Alignment <TH ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER
VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM>
No Linebreaks <TH NOWRAP>
Columns to Span <TH COLSPAN=?>

Rows to Span <TH ROWSPAN=?>
N1.1 Desired Width <TH WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
N1.1 Width Percent <TH WIDTH="%"> (percentage of table)
N3.0b Cell Color <TH BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$">
Table Caption <CAPTION></CAPTION>
Alignment <CAPTION ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM> (above/below table)

FRAMES (define and manipulate specific regions of the screen)

N2.0 Frame Document <FRAMESET></FRAMESET> (instead of <BODY>)
N2.0 Row Heights <FRAMESET ROWS=,,,></FRAMESET> (pixels or %)
N2.0 Row Heights <FRAMESET ROWS=*></FRAMESET> (* = relative size)
N2.0 Column Widths <FRAMESET COLS=,,,></FRAMESET> (pixels or %)
N2.0 Column Widths <FRAMESET COLS=*></FRAMESET> (* = relative size)
N3.0b Borders <FRAMESET FRAMEBORDER="yes|no">
N3.0b Border Width <FRAMESET BORDER=?>
N3.0b Border Color <FRAMESET BORDERCOLOR="#$$$$$$">

N2.0 Define Frame <FRAME> (contents of an individual frame)
N2.0 Display Document <FRAME SRC="URL">
N2.0 Frame Name <FRAME NAME="***"|_blank|_self|_parent|_top>
N2.0 Margin Width <FRAME MARGINWIDTH=?> (left and right margins)
N2.0 Margin Height <FRAME MARGINHEIGHT=?> (top and bottom margins)
N2.0 Scrollbar? <FRAME SCROLLING="YES|NO|AUTO">
N2.0 Not Resizable <FRAME NORESIZE>
N3.0b Borders <FRAME FRAMEBORDER="yes|no">
N3.0b Border Color <FRAME BORDERCOLOR="#$$$$$$">

N2.0 Unframed Content <NOFRAMES></NOFRAMES> (for non-frames browsers)

JAVA

Applet <APPLET></APPLET>
File Name <APPLET CODE="***">
Parameters <APPLET PARAM NAME="***">
Location <APPLET CODEBASE="URL">
Identifier <APPLET NAME="***"> (for references)
Alt Text <APPLET ALT="***"> (for non-Java browsers)
Alignment <APPLET ALIGN="LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER">
Size <APPLET WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> (in pixels)
Spacing <APPLET HSPACE=? VSPACE=?> (in pixels)

MISCELLANEOUS

Comment  (not displayed by the browser)
Prologue <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
Searchable <ISINDEX> (indicates a searchable index)
Prompt <ISINDEX PROMPT="***"> (text to prompt input)
Send Search <A HREF="URL?***"></a> (use a real question mark)
URL of This File <BASE HREF="URL"> (must be in header)
N2.0 Base Window Name <BASE TARGET="***">(must be in header)
Relationship <LINK REV="***" REL="***" HREF="URL"> (in header)

Meta Information <META> (must be in header)
Style Sheets <STYLE></STYLE> (not widely supported yet)
Scripts <SCRIPT></SCRIPT> (not widely supported yet)